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Economic Cooperation ( Official Development Assistance, ODA )

Technical Cooperation


Technical Cooperation is aimed at the development of human resources who are technically capable of　playing a positive role in the national task of economic and social development. It provides an excellent opportunity for developing countries to acquire Japan's technology, knowledge and know-how. Different schemes of Technical Cooperation are carried out by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), and include Training Programs, Dispatch of Japanese Experts, Project-Type Technical Cooperation, and Development Studies, Japan Oversea Cooperation Volunteers. Under these schemes, we conduct various programs in Egypt as follows;


Training Programs

Egyptian trainees are invited to Japan for appropriate training on the most up-to-date and special knowledge and technology in a wide variety of fields, ranging from agriculture, health and medical care to manufacturing and transportation. Up to the end of Fiscal Year 2003, 4,483 trainees had been invited to Japan. In FY 2004, approximately 128 trainees were invited.

Third Country Training Programs (TCTP) are also carried out in Egypt, with Egypt being a training implementation country, accepting trainees from African and Middle Eastern countries, while Japan sends experts (lecturers) and bears the training expenses. In FY 2004, some programs are on-going as follows: Rice Cultivation Techniques, Introduction to Molecular Biology, Animal Production and Health, Medical Technical Cooperation (for Iraqis), and Technical Cooperation on the electricity field (for Palestinians).


Dispatch of Japanese Experts

Many Japanese experts have been dispatched to Egypt to transfer their know-how and expertise to their Egyptian counterparts. In FY 2003, 50 experts were dispatched  in such fields as Education, Trade, Industry, Irrigation and Environment.


Project-Type Technical Cooperation

As a comprehensive approach to promoting technology transfer, the Japanese government undertakes Project-Type Technical Cooperation. They are implemented on a basis of several-year planning as a combination of the three basic types of cooperation schemes- namely, training in Japan, dispatch of long-term and short-term experts, and provision of equipment and machinery. In Egypt, 3 projects are underway, such as Improvement of Science and Mathematics Education in Private Schools, Foreign Trade Training Center (phase2),The Water Management Improvement Project in the Nile Delta.

In recent years, there have been many cases of this type of technical cooperation being supported by grant aid, with Japanese grant aid being used to fund the construction of facilities and provision of equipment to carry out project-type technical cooperation. Among such examples are Environment Monitoring Training Project and Pediatric Emergency Care Project.

>> Also see: Table of Project-Type Technical Cooperation in Egypt until 2004


Development Studies

In order to assist developing countries in formulating development plans, the Japanese government has introduced Development Studies. Under this scheme, study teams are dispatched to recipient countries several times to gather information and data for official development planning.

The information and data are summarized in a report which provides important guidelines in the drafting of development policy by the government of the country concerned. The report is also used in requests for financial and technical assistance to implement the development plan. Since fiscal year 1998, detailed design studies have been carried out with the collaboration between the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the Japan Bank International Cooperation (JBIC) in connection with projects yen loans.


Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers and Senior Volunteers

Since 1996, a new program was introduced to Egypt, "Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers (JOCV)" and in 2002, Senior Volunteers (SV) have been dispatched. Under this scheme, young and experienced Japanese volunteers are dispatched to work in rural areas of Egypt. They make technical contribution in fields like nursery, youth activity, computer programming, and sports, by living with the people there. In this way, they deepen the understanding and friendship between the two peoples of Japan and Egypt. Currently, 30 (24 JOCVs and 6 SVs) volunteers are working in such field as athletics, vocational training, mechanics, Japanese language, and kindergarten teaching and other fields.


Project for the Higher Institute of Nursing, Cairo University
 

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The Higher Institute of Nursing (HIN) at Cairo University has played a vital role in producing educators of nurses, leading nursing administration and head nurses at hospitals since its establishment in 1964, in order to cope with the short fall of nurses compared to doctors in Egypt. However, due to the limited educational facilities of the old HIN, it could not live up to the demand of the Egyptian society. Japan therefore provided new facilities for HIN, including the school building and the dormitory building, in the form of grant aid. Using these new facilities, Japan carried out project-type technical cooperation from April 1994 to March 1999, in order to help HIN graduate more nurses and provide more well-trained nurses.

In this example of project-type technical cooperation, 23 teaching staff were trained in Japan, and 40 Japanese experts (7 long-term and 33 short-term experts) have been dispatched. In addition, workshops and seminars have been held 5 to 6 times per year for the teaching staff. Moreover, Japan has donated some educational equipment, including AV hardware, books for the library and so forth.

Through the cooperation, the HIN has dramatically improved, reflected in the fact that the number of students increased from 536 in 1994 to 819 in March 1999.

This is one of the most successful projects of Japan's ODA, showing the effective synergy between the technical cooperation and grant aid.


Improvement of Science and Mathematics Education in Private Schools

The Water Management Improvement Project in the Nile Delta

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This project was implemented within the framework of the Irrigation Improvement Project (IIP) launched in 1999. The advantage of this project is the full-scale participation of farmers. The project succeeded in alleviating the shortage of water at tail ends, resulting in an increase of crop yields in the Nile Delta.

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